Collection methodology
The survey was conducted among a sample of 1,016 managers of very small businesses (VSEs) with between 0 and 19 employees. Companies with annual sales of less than €50,000 were not surveyed as part of this study. However, it does include auto-entrepreneurs.
The sample was reasoned and then reduced to its real weight during processing, based on the following criteria: company sector of activity, company size, region of establishment.
Interviews were conducted by telephone between December 8, 2025 and January 2, 2026.