It will undoubtedly take time to understand what happened in France in the days following the death of young Nahel M, on June 27, 2023… Even if the ashes of the burnt-out buildings are still hot, it is already possible to describe the geography of these troubles and to see the elements of permanence and novelty compared to those of the autumn of 2005; and to identify the ingredients of the breeding ground on which these riots were able to develop.